Batteries are one of the most expensive components in electric vehicles. The battery component usually has a portion of 40 to 60% of the total price of an electric vehicle. Reporting from tempo and the oto website, the Hyundai ioniq 5 long range, which has a price range between IDR 720 - 780 million, has a battery price between IDR 450 - 600 million. This battery consists of 30 battery modules with a price per module in the range of IDR 15-20 million. For electric motorcycles, such as the Gesits G1 with a price of Rp 29 million, the battery price is around Rp 7.5 million. The high price of batteries makes battery life and the resale price of electric vehicles an aspect considered by buyers of electric vehicles.

Lithium batteries were chosen as electric vehicle batteries because there are several advantages including high energy density, wide temperature operation, high cycle life, high voltage, low battery leakage rate, and support for the features of the electric vehicle. fast charging. In addition, lithium batteries have various types of composition such as lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC), lithium ferrous phosphate (LFP), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), and lithium sulfur. Of the various types of lithium batteries that exist today, NMC and LFP battery types are two types of batteries that are widely used in electric vehicles in Indonesia.

Both types of batteries have their own advantages and disadvantages. NMC type batteries will be lighter than LFP batteries for the same capacity. LFP batteries, on the other hand, are known to be safer to use, have a lower cost and have a longer cycle life. Before we go any further, battery cycle life is an indicator that shows how long a battery can be used without experiencing performance degradation. 1 cycle consists of one charge and power usage. NMC type batteries have a life cycle of 1000-2000 cycles, while the life cycle of LFP batteries is more than 2000 cycles, and can even reach 5000 cycles. If it is assumed to use NMC batteries with a life cycle of 1000 times and LFP with a life cycle of 2000 times and charging once a day, the battery of your electric vehicle will remain in normal operation for approximately 3 years using NMC batteries and about 6 years if using LFP batteries.

The life cycle of the battery itself is very dependent on several other things such as the depth of use of the battery, temperature, and the age of the battery itself. The depth of use of the battery is the percentage of use of the battery, if each use leaves the battery by 30% then the battery will have a longer life cycle than the one that leaves the battery by 20%. The second factor is temperature, batteries can experience reduced cycle life at high temperatures, and experience reduced performance at low temperatures. The last factor is the age of the battery itself, the average decrease in capacity due to battery age is 2.3% per year. Several things can be done to extend battery life such as ensuring battery temperature is in normal conditions and always keeping battery capacity at a minimum of 20-30%.